(PPTX) Civil Rights - DOKUMEN.TIPS (2024)

Civil Rights. A.P. U.S. Government & Politics. What are civil rights?. The privileges and rights guaranteed to an individual and are protected from limitation by government actions (laws) Guaranteed by the Equal Protection Clause in the 14 th Amendment. Historically. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

(PPTX) Civil Rights - DOKUMEN.TIPS (1)

A.P. U.S. Government & Politics

CIVIL RIGHTS

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The privileges and rights guaranteed to an individual and are protected from limitation by government actions (laws)

Guaranteed by the Equal Protection Clause in the 14th Amendment

WHAT ARE CIVIL RIGHTS?

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HISTORICALLY

Emancipation Proclamation- (1863) freed the slavesAfter the Civil War: the 13th Amendment-abolished slavery. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xh3-9R7Q0OE&feature=youtube_gdata_player

*first step toward guaranteeing rights for African Americans14th Amendment-defined citizenship to include former slaves, and provided for due process and equal protection15th Amendment-extended suffrage to all males, regardless of race

Response: Black Codes• Examples: literacy tests, poll taxes, grandfather clauses,

registration laws, & white primary elections• Jim Crow laws designed to segregate schools & public facilities

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Plessy v. Ferguson (1896)• Upheld Jim Crow laws that separate but equal facilities is constitutional

Executive Order 9981 (1948)• Ordered the desegregation of the armed forces

Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, KA (1954)• Reversed Plessy v. Ferguson ruling separate but equal is unconstitutional

Brown v. Board II• Ordered schools to be desegregated “with all deliberate speed”

Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States (1964)• Clarifies that the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was to also be applied to public

accommodations

COURT CASES & LEGISLATION

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Civil Rights Act of 1957• Created the Civil Rights division within the Justice Department, and made it

a crime to prevent a person from voting in federal

Civil Rights Act of 1964• Outlawed discrimination in voter registration• Prohibited discrimination in employment and places of public accommodation• Created the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission

24th Amendment • Outlawed poll taxes in federal elections

Voting Rights Act of 1965• Allowed federal registrars to register voters & outlawed literacy tests and

other discriminatory tests in voter registration

THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT

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National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)• Established in 1909 to lobby in Washington and

publicize black grievances

Strategies to Achieving Equal Rights• Mobilizing public opinion through dramatic events

(Rosa Parks bus boycott & King’s March on Washington)

• Peaceful violations of the law (sit-ins & freedom rides)• Violence & riots (The Black Panthers & Malcolm X)

AFRICAN AMERICANS

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WOMEN

The fight for women’s civil rights came out of their participation in the abolition movement in the 1840’s

19th Amendment • Gave women the right to vote

The Equal Pay Act (1963)• Made it illegal to base an employee’s wages on race, gender, religion, or natural origin

Civil Rights Act of 1964• Banned job discrimination on the basis of gender

Equal Employment Opportunity Act (1972)• Prohibited gender discrimination in hiring, firing, promotions, pay, and working conditions

Title IX (1972)• Outlawed discrimination in educational programs, including athletic opportunities for

females

Equal Credit Opportunity Act (1974)• Prohibited discrimination against women seeking credit

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Defined as any sexual behavior (physical or verbal) that creates a hostile work enviornment

Two forms of harassment:

Quid Pro Quo- sexual favors expected in return for employment/promotion

Hostile Environment- creating a setting where harassment impairs a person’s ability to work

SEXUAL HARASSMENT

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• Hispanics are the fastest growing minority in America

• Now the largest minority group in the U.S.

• Civil rights action for Hispanics has focuses on:

• -a plan for citizenship for the 12 million undocumented immigrants-health care -admission of more Hispanic

students to college-redistricting plans that aren’t discriminatory to Hispanics

HISPANIC AMERICANS

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More than 2 million Native Americans live on reservations in the U.S.

The Indian Gaming Regulatory Act (1988)allowed Native Americans to have casinos on their

reservations

NATIVE AMERICANS

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The Rehabilitation Act (1973)Prohibited discrimination against people with disabilities in federal programs

The Education for All Handicapped Children Act (1975)Guarantees that children with disabilities will receive an “appropriate” education

The Americans with Disabilities Act (1990)• Extends provisions under the Civil Rights Act of 1964 to those

with disabilities• Businesses are required to provide reasonable accommodations

for disabled employees and customers

PEOPLE WITH DISABILITIES

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Prior to the 1970s, few people were willing to discuss their sexual preferences in relation to same-sex relationships.

Protected under the Equal Protection Clause of the 14 th Amendment

1996- Congress passed the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA)-a direct contradiction to the Full faith & Credit Clause

allowing states the right to refuse to recognize gay marriages performed in other states

2014- The Supreme Court shot down DOMA on the national level, agreeing to recognize legal same-sex marriages

HOMOSEXUALS

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Age Discrimination in Employment Act (1967)Prohibits employers from discriminating against individuals over the age of 40 on the basis of age

THE ELDERLY

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The courts recognize that some forms of discrimination are valid

Example: must be 21 to drink, 18 to vote, etc.

Devised the rational basis test to determine if the discrimination has a legitimate purpose

WHEN IS DISCRIMINATION PERMISSIBLE?

“OK” gender based differences:

-all boy/all girl schools-widows’ property tax

exemption-delayed promotions in the

military-statutory rape

NOT “ok” gender based differences:

-age of adulthood-drinking age

-arbitrary height/weight requirements

-mandatory pregnancy leaves

-Little League exclusion-Unequal retirement benefits

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The court has a choice of 3 standards to apply in discrimination cases:

1. Reasonableness Standard- the difference in treatment must be reasonable and not arbitrary 2. Intermediate Scrutiny- a standard in between reasonableness and strict scrutiny

3. Strict Scrutiny- drawing differences between groups of people based on race is inherently suspect, and not allowed (only applies to race, not gender)

DISCRIMINATION CLASSIFICATIONS

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A policy designed to correct the effects of past discrimination based on race & gender

A program that gives special preference to minorities and women in education admissions and employment

Controversial: -argued as a means of reverse discrimination-equality of opportunity vs. equality of results?

Race may be used as a factor is college admissions and hiring, but may NOT be the only factor

Bakke v. University of California (1978)- racial quotas are not permissible, but race may be considered in admissions

AFFIRMATIVE ACTION

(PPTX) Civil Rights - DOKUMEN.TIPS (2024)

FAQs

What are the 5 important civil rights? ›

Our country's Constitution and federal laws contain critical protections that form the foundation of our inclusive society – the right to be free from discrimination, the freedom to worship as we choose, the right to vote for our elected representatives, the protections of due process, the right to privacy.

What are the 10 civil rights? ›

Examples of civil rights include the right to vote, the right to a fair trial, the right to government services, the right to a public education, the right to gainful employment, the right to housing, the right to use public facilities, freedom of religion.

What are the essential questions for civil rights? ›

essential Questions

Who participated in the civil rights movement? How did they participate? Why were people will- ing to risk their safety to participate in the civil rights movement? How did the civil rights movement change the United States?

How did the civil rights movement change America? ›

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 hastened the end of legal Jim Crow. It secured African Americans equal access to restaurants, transportation, and other public facilities. It enabled blacks, women, and other minorities to break down barriers in the workplace.

What are the 10 civic rights? ›

Civil rights generally include ensuring peoples' physical and mental integrity, life, and safety, protection from discrimination, the right to privacy, the freedom of thought, speech, religion, press, assembly, and movement.

What are the big four civil rights? ›

1942 – Founded the Congress of Racial Equality, also known as CORE. 1960s – Established as one of the “Big Four” of the Civil Rights Movement along with Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., Whitney Young, and Roy Wilkins.

What are good questions to ask about civil rights? ›

How and why did you become active in the Civil Rights Movement? What did you do during the Civil Rights movement? Was violence or repression ever directed against you personally? What did the Southern Freedom Movement mean to you?

What were the three 3 most important goals of the Civil Rights Movement? ›

The movement helped spawn a national crisis that forced intervention by the federal government to overturn segregation laws in southern states, restore voting rights for African-Americans, and end legal discrimination in housing, education and employment.

What is the main focus of the civil rights? ›

Provisions of this civil rights act forbade discrimination on the basis of sex, as well as, race in hiring, promoting, and firing. The Act prohibited discrimination in public accommodations and federally funded programs. It also strengthened the enforcement of voting rights and the desegregation of schools.

Who are five civil rights activists? ›

Leaders in the Struggle for Civil Rights
  • Roy Wilkins. Introduced at the August 1963 March on Washington as "the acknowledged champion of civil rights in America," Roy Wilkins headed the oldest and largest of the civil rights organizations. ...
  • Whitney M. ...
  • A. ...
  • Bayard Rustin. ...
  • Martin Luther King Jr. ...
  • James Farmer. ...
  • John Lewis.

What are my civil rights? ›

What are civil rights? Civil rights are an essential component of democracy. They're guarantees of equal social opportunities and protection under the law, regardless of race, religion, or other characteristics. Examples are the rights to vote, to a fair trial, to government services, and to a public education.

What were the big five civil rights groups? ›

The organization quickly moved to the forefront of the civil rights movement alongside several other major civil rights groups collectively known as the "Big Five:" the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), the National Urban League (NUL), the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee ( ...

What are the 5 essential rights? ›

Most health care professionals, especially nurses, know the “five rights” of medication use: the right patient, the right drug, the right time, the right dose, and the right route—all of which are generally regarded as a standard for safe medication practices.

What is the title 5 of the civil rights? ›

Title V expanded responsibilities of the U.S. Commission for Civil Rights (USCCR), an entity created through the Civil Rights Act of 1957. Among other operational matters, Title V also addressed USCCR hearings and witness subpoenas. Congress continues to fund the USCCR through the appropriations process.

What are 5 of the main highlights of the Civil Rights Act of 1964? ›

The Civil Rights Act of 1964 prohibits discrimination on the basis of race, color, religion, sex or national origin. Provisions of this civil rights act forbade discrimination on the basis of sex, as well as, race in hiring, promoting, and firing.

What are the 5 most important rights in the Bill of Rights? ›

Bill of Rights - The Really Brief Version

Freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, and petition. Right to keep and bear arms in order to maintain a well regulated militia.

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